Personal, Social, Health and Economic (PSHE) education is a school subject through which pupils develop the knowledge, skills and attributes they need to manage their lives, now and in the future. The following themes are addressed both in Religion lessons/PSHE lessons and Main Lessons during circle time:

CORE THEME 1: HEALTH AND WELLBEING

• What is meant by a healthy lifestyle
• How to maintain physical, mental and emotional health and wellbeing
• How to manage risks to physical and emotional health and wellbeing
• Ways of keeping physically and emotionally safe
• About managing change, including puberty, transition and loss
• How to make informed choices about health and wellbeing and to recognise sources of help with this
• How to respond in an emergency
• To identify different influences on health and wellbeing

CORE THEME 2: RELATIONSHIPS

• How to develop and maintain a variety of healthy relationships, within a range of social/cultural contexts
• How to recognise and manage emotions within a range of relationships
• How to recognise risky or negative relationships including all forms of bullying and abuse
• How to respond to risky or negative relationships and ask for help
• How to respect equality and diversity in relationships

CORE THEME 3: LIVING IN THE WIDER WORLD (ECONOMIC WELLBEING AND BEING A RESPONSIBLE CITIZEN)

• About respect for self and others and the importance of responsible behaviours and actions
• About rights and responsibilities as members of families, other groups and ultimately as citizens
• About different groups and communities
• To respect diversity and equality and how to be a productive member of a diverse community
• About the importance of respecting and protecting the environment
• About where money comes from, keeping it safe and the importance of managing it effectively
• The part that money plays in people’s lives
• A basic understanding of enterprise

SMSC (Spiritual, Moral, Social and Cultural)

Overview:

Spiritual, moral, social and cultural development is about enabling children and young people to develop their own personal values to guide their thinking and behaviour in all areas of their lives. It is also about enabling them to make and act on informed choices, taking right and wrong into account.

Aims & Objectives:

• To encourage pupils to behave in a responsible, caring and compassionate way
• To encourage pupils to demonstrate understanding of the consequences of their own and others’ actions
• To teach pupils to formulate, express and justify a personal opinion on social issues
• To encourage pupils to challenge behaviour which does not match their moral code, such as derogatory remarks, injustice or intimidation
• To encourage pupils to understand and respect British values
• To provide opportunities to learn about their rights and responsibilities as members of communities

Implementation

• All pupils are always encouraged to treat each other with respect and acceptance. The class teachers form strong bonds with their class which encourages open communication about any social issues which the pupils are affected by. The class teacher creates a space in which the pupils can comfortably express their feelings.
• Monthly assemblies will provide opportunities for pupils to learn from key members of the community about British Values, democracy and institutions, for example local MPs.

Class 1 to 3:

• The children will be encouraged to form opinions, take part in discussions about their own views and explore moral and ethical issues.

Class 4 and 5:

• Through studying biographies of key historical figures, the children develop their sense of social justice and moral responsibilities. They are also encouraged to think about how their choices and behaviour can affect local, national and global issues including political or social institutions.

Key Concepts:

• Engage in creative work, which encourages holistic and intuitive thinking
• Explore and express beliefs and ideas through words, art, play, drama and music
• Engage in moral reasoning
• Find out about other people’s beliefs, ideals
• Explore topical moral dilemmas relating to culture, science and technology
• Explore moral issues underlying current events
• Explore their own and others’ cultural traditions
• Recognise and value differences
• Reflect on how their own lives can be enriched through this knowledge and through contact with other cultures
• Recognise what different cultures have in common
• Take pride in their own heritage
• Develop the ability to adapt to change
• Reflect on how their own cultural experience has shaped the person that they are
• Reflect on the moral values underlying traditions and pressures for change
• Develop an understanding of citizenship and how the community they live in functions and affects themselves and others.
• Form, express and justify a personal opinion and feelings, needs and wishes.

British values are defined by the Department for Education as:

•     democracy
•     the rule of law
•     individual liberty
•     mutual respect and tolerance for those with different faiths and beliefs.

These are implicitly embedded in Steiner education and the curriculum and ethos of Bristol Steiner School. All staff are expected to uphold and promote these values. Listed below are some of the ways in which staff work with these values at the school.

Democracy: making decisions together

Throughout the school, staff will encourage children to see their role as an individual within a bigger social structure, ensuring that the children know their views count, that they value each other’s views and values and are able to talk about their feelings. Class plays, Games and Dancing lessons and Choir as well as many other group activities give plenty of opportunities for children to practise their social skills. On our many class trips, pupils learn to balance their own wish for freedom with the needs of the group.

The Class 5 curriculum covers the origins of democracy and its importance as a concept and principle.

In older classes staff can demonstrate democracy in action, for example, by helping a class to agree on a decision through a vote, or holding a mock election to teach students about the electoral system in the UK.

Staff can support the decisions that children make and provide activities that involve turn-taking, sharing and collaboration. Children should be given opportunities to develop enquiring minds in an atmosphere where questions are valued.

The rule of law: understanding that rules matter

Staff will help children to understand their own and others’ behaviour and its consequences, and to distinguish right from wrong. Staff sometimes collaborate with children to create the rules and the codes of behaviour and ensure that all children understand that rules apply to everyone. Our Behaviour and Discipline Policy is of central importance in the school and is explained to the children at the start of each year so that they understand our expectations. Through application of the policy they learn that there are consequences if rules are not followed.

Games played in the playground are sometimes subject to rules set by adults, but often the rules are developed by the children through negotiation with each other, and we encourage this approach.

Stories told as part of the curriculum in Classes provide imaginative understanding of moral and social practice, good and evil, justice and redemption.

Individual liberty: freedom for all

At Bristol Steiner School we encourage children to develop a positive sense of themselves. Staff can provide opportunities for children to develop their self-knowledge, self-esteem and increase their confidence in their own abilities, for example through allowing them to take appropriate risks, to develop their creative self-expression through music, drama, Eurythmy, art and craft, talking about their experiences and learning through various forms of safe and constructive feedback.

Staff encourage a range of experiences that allow children to explore the language of feelings and responsibility, reflect on their differences and understand that everyone is free to have different opinions.

Mutual respect and tolerance: treat others as you want to be treated

Bristol Steiner School promotes an ethos of inclusivity and tolerance where differing views, faiths, cultures and races are valued and where children are encouraged to engage with the wider community through fairs, festivals and visits in the wider community.

Children should acquire a tolerance and appreciation of and respect for their own and other cultures; know about similarities and differences between themselves and others and among families, faiths, communities, cultures and traditions and share and discuss practices, celebrations and experiences. We are open to celebrating festivals from all religions at Bristol Steiner School, and often do this with help from parents of pupils with different faiths. All students learn foreign languages from the age of 6, and the curriculum covers cultural aspects as well as the study of the language.

Staff will encourage and explain the importance of tolerant behaviours such as sharing and respecting other’s opinions. Staff are expected to promote diverse attitudes and challenge stereotypes, for example, sharing stories that reflect and value the diversity of children’s experiences and providing resources and activities that challenge gender, cultural and racial stereotyping.

Purposes

• To promote equality of opportunity for all learners for whom English is an additional language.
• To deliver a broad, balanced curriculum which reflects the needs of children for whom English is an additional language.
• To ensure EAL pupils reach their full potential.

Guidelines

1. To promote academic achievement by grouping EAL pupils according to cognitive level rather than English language level.
2. To promote and encourage the development of the children’s first languages in order to facilitate concept development in tandem with their acquisition of English.
3. To provide pupils with access to resources which are age appropriate, at an appropriate language level, and are linguistically and culturally appropriate.
4. To use key visuals and other strategies to support children’s access to the curriculum.
5. To ensure that language and literacy are taught within the context of all subjects.
6. To ensure that learners not yet fluent in spoken English or the language of the curriculum receive planned support for their oracy and literacy skills.
7. To actively liaise with parents to help them to support their children’s learning.
8. To facilitate parents’ access to school life through contacts with school reps
9. To ensure that EAL pupils are assessed in their first language where possible and where appropriate.
10. To seek first language assessment to ensure the accurate identification of SEN.
11. To monitor the summative assessments of children with EAL and set targets to address any underachievement identified.
12. To provide all staff with high-quality professional development to develop their knowledge of EAL pedagogy and their skills for teaching EAL learners.
13. To celebrate multilingual skills and promote linguistic diversity with all pupils.

The opportunity to take part in movement and games is absolutely fundamental to a healthy childhood. There is a great deal of research that stresses the importance of physical activity to improve a child’s capacity to learn.

At Bristol Steiner School there is both integrated and discrete physical education. Integrated physical education includes the movement exercises that come at the beginning of the Main Lessons. The use of rhythm and movement may come into various lessons, such as maths where the pupils, for example may throw and catch beanbags as they recite their times tables. In a foreign language class, pupils might follow a sequence of movement when learning parts of the body.

Children in Class 1 and 2 focus on circle games, cooperative games, hand clapping rhymes, skipping with a long and individual rope and bean bag exercises developing hand-eye coordination.

In addition, Class 2 and 3 have a weekly country and folk dancing session, which aids their physical health as well as helping them develop socially, cognitively and rhythmically.

In Class 3, skipping practise continues with the addition of more complex tricks and tagging games and ball games are introduced.

In Class 4, ball games and tag games continue, and games with a team goal or competitive relays are introduced.

In Class 5 there is a progression of team and ball games which develop children’s sports skills. For example ‘space ball’ and ‘bench ball’ focus on passing and moving into spaces and hand-eye coordination. Other games introduce the basics of offence and defence. One of the highlights of Class 5 is attending a traditional Greek Olympic event, where over 400 class 5 pupils attend participating in long jump, high jump, wrestling, relay, mini marathon, discus and javelin.

Eurythmy is taught from Kindergarten through to the end of school and is an art form, which aims to harmonise the child physical well-being with their feelings or emotions. Regular Eurythmy practice lessons help children to become more coordinated, graceful and alert and to be more at ease with themselves. In the Eurythmy lesson the children move to poetry, prose text and live instrumental music and this experience deepens their aesthetic appreciation of literature and music and complements other aspects of the curriculum. Eurythmy also requires the children to work in groups which develops spatial awareness and a capacity to sense the movements of the group as a whole, while also concentrating on their own movement.

The curriculum is structured so pupils’ differentiated needs can be met. Whole class teaching is combined with individualised and differentiated learning. Imaginative engagement with the lesson material allows all learners, regardless of strengths, weaknesses and learning styles, to work at different levels within their class group. Teaching methods should be flexible enough to give the best vehicle to education for all learning profiles. By first identifying different students’ needs, understanding how to best engage them, and employing a mixture of methods of differentiation, pupils of all abilities will have the best possible opportunity to learn.

Differentiation is implemented by various methods in all subjects:

• Flexible pace learning
• Collaborative learning
• Progressive tasks
• Verbal support
• Variable outcomes
• Ongoing assessment

These can be seen by:

• Using a multi-sensory approach; with visual, aural and kinaesthetic components.
• Use of the Steiner three-fold strategies of imitation, copying; illustrative work and storytelling; thoughtful comparison and analysis.
• Using a child-centred approach i.e. responding to each child as an individual.
• Allowing freedom of response to a lesson, so that pupils can produce very different work to reflect what they have learnt.
• Using a range of tasks from simple to complex, to allow for different abilities.
• Using open-ended questions, so there is no wrong answer.
• Sometimes explaining first and demonstrating after, or demonstrating first and explaining afterwards – allows for different learning preferences.
• Using different structured tasks, so that some pupils can be set lower or higher targets as necessary.
• Using text on the blackboard in different colours for different groups of pupils to undertake appropriate tasks.
• Using mixed ability groups for tasks
• Using recall both at the end of the lesson and the beginning of the next to anchor information.
• Using different tasks: for example, writing, listening, speaking, drawing, observation, dictation, reading, questioning. The content is differentially approachable.
• Each differentiation method is systematic, simple, inclusive and inductive. Each child is helped to contribute in his/her own way to the creation of the whole picture.

Following Steiner principles, BSS may consider carrying out a ‘Child Study’, a review of a child who needs special consideration, because of learning/ behavioural difficulties, special qualities, or characterises a particular age or stage of development. This takes place in Teacher’s and Staff meetings to build a shared picture of the child which can help our understanding of the child.